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US
Telework Scene - stats and facts (1997 -2003)
- See 2003 onwards
here
- Return to "Studies" index
here
|
US
Telework Scene - stats and facts (1997-2003)
(also, see "Canadian,
US, European and
other country studies) |
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2003
MetLife Employee Benefits Trend Study: 43% of employers rate helping
employees balance their work and personal lives (e.g., telecommuting,
flexible work arrangements etc) as most important strategy in meeting their
benefits objectives (pdf) |
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US government surveys its employees about telework
and flex work. 24% say they are satisfied with telework, 22% are
dissatisfied (many because telework is not available to
them), and 50% are neutral. NASA, the
Office of Personnel Management (OPM) and the General Services Administration
(GSA) rank highest overall |
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US
Department of Labor statistics (2003) says some 13 million to 19 million
workers telecommute in the United States, some on a full-time basis, but
most work at home one or two days a week Telecommuting
or teleworking is an increasingly popular way for employers to retain
talent, expand productivity and lower overhead costs. It’s a work option
that also helps employees balance work and family demands |
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Oct
2003: The Telework Consortium Economic
Analysis of Telework: Social Benefit Estimates Based on Commuting Cost and
Tolls. Prepared by Dr. Anthony Yezer, professor at The George Washington
University Center for Economic Research |
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2003
survey by the Society for Human Resource Management: Firms
losing motivation for being family-friendly. In the year since 2002,
he number of companies offering full-time telecommuting has dropped
from 23% to 17%; adoption assistance from 21% to 16% and flextime
programs, which give workers a flexible schedule, have declined from 64%
to 55%. The labour market is part of the reason - with 9 million people
out of work, companies no longer need to offer varied benefits to attract
and retain workers. Also, "benefits went past what the market could
bear and now they're coming back into line," says Atlanta work-life
balance expert Jim Bird, president of WorkLifeBalance.com |
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Telework
growth in US
|
Employed
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Self-employed
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1997
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11.6
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18.3
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1999
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14.4
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19.0
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2001
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16.8
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19.9
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2003
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23.8
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23.4 |
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July
2003: Spherion Corp. and pollster Harris Interactive: National
survey of 3,278 people age 18 years or older and employed full-time
says talent wars of the late 1990s may be just around the corner.
Employers not keeping pace with work life balance and the consequences
could be disastrous in the battle to retain and attract employees. Some
findings include:
| - |
54% seek stable income outside the
conventional work structure |
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35% say success at work and moving up
the ladder are top priorities |
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86% cite work/life balance & work
fulfillment as #1 career priority |
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73% are were willing to curtail
careers to make time for family |
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96% are attracted to employers who
offer ways for them to make time for personal responsibilities and
personal development such as flex-time, job sharing and telecommuting. |
Employers urged to take a hard look at
their existing relationships with employees. |
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July
2003 AT&T worldwide survey
of senior execs from across the world, carried out by the Economist
Intelligence Unit. Survey reveals that telecommuting is expected to boom,
and new technology will make it happen. However, companies will need to
change their cultures and learn to trust employees more. Picture below
outlines other findings:
- Cost savings and office overloads -
67%
- Enhanced productivity 64%
- Improved morale - 49%
- improved business continuity during
emergencies 39%
- improved recruitment and retention -
29%
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2003
survey from the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development and
Cendant Mobility and the National Foreign Trade Council. May
2003 Survey reveals new focus frequently considered alternatives to
relocation and international assignments include more local hiring (30%)
and telecommuting (28%) |
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April
2003 International Telework Association
Survey
reveals that Broadband access boosts teleworker productivity, saves
employers more than $5,000 every year (pdf) |
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January
2003 Robert Half International According to a huge
compensation survey of 1,400 CFOs conducted by Robert Half International,
46% said telecommuting second only to salary as the best way to attract
top talent. However, 33% said telecommuting was the top draw. CFOs were
asked, "In your opinion, which one of the following incentives is
most effective in attracting top accounting candidates?" Their
responses:
- Offering higher starting salaries than
competitors — 46%
- Allowing telecommuting and/or flexible
work schedules — 33%
- Offering signing bonuses — 5%
- Offering extra vacation days — 3%
- Benefits/benefit package/insurance —
2%
- Other — 3%
- Don't know/no answer — 8%
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July,
2002 Information Technology Association of America. Anytime,
Anyplace, Anywhere Report, based on a survey of 1000 registered
voters, outlines the changing face of work. Here are some of the findings:
|
| |
-
Telecommuting,
or “e-work” is widely recognized by most adults as a fast track to a
better life
-
54%
think telecommuting would improve the quality of their lives. For those
with a 1+ hour per day commute, this view jumps to 66%
-
36%
would choose telecommuting over a pay raise
-
43%
of respondents said they would be a better spouse or parent if they were
able to telecommute
-
46%
think that the quality of work would improve if they were able to
telecommute
-
Among
those who commute, about 1/3 would prefer the option of telecommuting over
a higher salary. Half of these said they would be more likely to
telecommute if technology was able to facilitate face to face interaction
and meetings
|
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Biggest
concerns about e-work:
- 20% - not having enough contact with
co-workers
- 19% - not being able to separate home
and work
- 10% - being out of “Information Loop”
- 6% - not enough face time with
boss
- 5% - not being able to handle
computer problems at home
- 5% - missing good assignments or
opportunities
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April
2002 Cahner In-Stat Group study: Businesses
of all sizes accept telecommuting, but tech support faces a challenge, say
researchers In 2001, 31 million people (25% of the US workforce)
telecommuted at least part of their work week. Some 19 million of these
(over 10% of the workforce) have access to the Internet from home,
enabling them to do their jobs remotely, and often to connect to corporate
networks. The total number is expected to swell to 40 million by 2004 |
|
 |
March
2002: Study by Access Markets International Partners, a revolution is
underway in the U.S. workplace. The
study predicts 67 million people - more than half of the U.S. domestic
workforce - will be working remotely or telecommuting by 2006 |
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US
Bureau of Labor Statistics :March 2002 survey
reveals one in seven workers worked at home at least once a week during
2001 |
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Nov
2001. Gartner
Dataquest predicts over 25% of US companies to increase commitment to
supporting telecommuting & supporting remote offices and employees.
Can expect a number of satellite offices to replace a single headquarters
building as home to the entire corporation. Trend will affect bandwidth
patterns and requirements to support remote work as well as collaborative
workgroup and integrated access capabilities and conferencing applications |
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Institute
for the Study of Distributed Work: Teleworkers -- defined as
corporate employees working outside the office at least two days a week --
will rise to 13.7 million, or 9.2% of the work force, by 2005, up from
10.4 million now and 6.3 million in 1995. |
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Oct
2001 Telework America Statistics released by ITAC
reveal a jump of
17% to 28.8 million US teleworkers over
the past year - that's one in five Americans. Typical teleworker works 1+
days a week away from the traditional office environment, lives in the
northeast or western regions of the U.S, has a college education, is 35 to
44 years of age and married, and makes over $40,000 annually. According to
the survey, an "overwhelming majority" of these teleworkers are
more satisfied with their jobs, are more productive, and feel more loyal
to their employers. |
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Dec,
001 Catalyst
Research Study Gen X'ers want and expect their employers to
provide flextime, telecommuting, compressed work weeks, and policies and
programs that make balancing their work and personal lives easier |
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Mar
14, 2001 WorldCom
Study Americans are embracing virtual work at an
unprecedented rate. Being fueled by tech advancements, cross functional
collaborative teams and a competitive job market, alternative work
practices (including virtual project teams, telecommuting and remote
management of geographically dispersed employees). Among the findings:
- Virtual work helps improve job
satisfaction, save costs and boost corporate productivity
- 67% of American have engaged in virtual
work
- 46% involved in virtual work at least
once a week; 14% do so daily
- 31% work in a virtual management
structure, i.e., immediate manager/staff not located in the same
office
- 27% work for organizations with formal
policies that encourage virtual work
- 48% work for organizations that allow
virtual work practices, even if no formal policy exists
- 91% agree that virtual work saves their
companies time and money
- 61% percent of employees in large
companies (those with at least 500 employees) have participated in
virtual project teams
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Feb
2001 Cahners In-Stat Group Report:
Entering the Access Era: U.S. Telecommuter Demographics & the Impact
of Fragmentation on IT Platforms
Firms in these markets are expected to see
consistent growth in the number of telecommuters they support each year,
with the total number of online telecommuters growing at an average rate
of 17% annually in the enterprise market, and 11% in the middle market.
Other findings:
- Number of telecommuters doubles to 32
million (roughly 24% of the U.S. workforce) in 2001
- To increase by 40 million to 28% in 2004
- Nearly 70% have Access to the Internet
- Mostly from small and SOHO businesses,
consistent with the greater contribution of smaller firms to the size
of the general telecommuter workforce.
- Growth attributed to changes in work
attitudes; advancements in basic technologies
- Telecommuters could eventually become a
significant issue for corporate IT departments, particularly as these
employees start accessing a growing array of business resources online
- The key opportunity for technology
providers lies in Internet-accessing telecommuters working in the
"corporate markets" or for mid-sized and large businesses
- The SOHO business market supported an
estimated 6.6 million Internet-accessing telecommuters in 2000,
roughly 28% of the segment's total workforce and the small business
market was home to more than 5.3 million Internet-accessing at-home
workers in 2000, making up 13% of the small business workforce
- The enterprise market supported roughly
5 million Internet-accessing at-home workers, with these telecommuters
making up 10% of its total workforce. The middle market is the
smallest employer of online telecommuters, with these at-home workers
estimated to account for 11% of the middle market workforce last year.
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Jan,
22/01 Time
For Telework Study
While federal gov't telecommuting endures a
bumpy start, it may finally be shifting out of neutral. Called
"Time for tele-work", It talks about how -- like the highway
interstate system -- telecommuting in the federal government has endured a
bumpy start. But after years of executive orders, pilot programs and
studies, it may finally be shifting out of neutral. Part 2 of the report
will address how telecommuting affects work relationships and how
employees can promote telecommuting in their agencies |
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Jan,
2001 Fishwrap
Telecommuting Index
- Number of telecommuters in the United
States: 19.6 million
- Amount of greenhouse gas emissions kept
out of the air each day by telecommuters' not driving to work: 39,000
tons of hydrocarbons; 590,000 tons of carbon monoxide; 31,000 tons of
nitrogen oxides (Reason Public Policy Institute, January 2000)
- Average total number of people who
collapse and die each year from heatwaves in the 15 largest U.S.
cities, where the warming effects of greenhouse gases are amplified:
1,500
- Expected number by 2020: 3,000 - 4,000
(Reuters News Service, November 2000)
- Number of lives saved per year through
reduced highway deaths as a result of telecommuting: 350 (Reason
Public Policy Institute, January 2000)
- Number of non-alcohol-related traffic
fatalities in the United States in 1999: 25,825 (Mothers Against Drunk
Driving)
- Percent of U.S. employers that offer
telecommuting: 16
- Percent of employees who actually
telecommute: 9 (Heldrich Center for Workforce Development, Rutgers
University, February 2000)
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Oct, 2000 Telework
America research survey
- 21% growth in U.S. teleworker population
over previous year
- total number equals 24 million
- includes 17 million teleworkers employed
full-time
- 39% of workers who do not currently work
remotely would like to telework
- 13% of those would consider telework a
key consideration in deciding whether to accept another job
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Oct
2000: The Gallup Organization, of Princeton, N.J., & Opinion Research
Corporation
- there are some 8 million full-time
telecommuters in the U.S
- expected to grow to about 13.5 million
in the next 2 years
- teleworkers have 22-45% higher
productivity than at-office counterparts
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Nov 2000:
IDC projection |
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- U.S.
mobile and remote population will increase at a 9% compound annual growth
rate
- Will
grow from 39 million in 2000 to 55 million in 2004
Of
these:
- 34% will be mobile professionals
- 31% will be day extenders
- 21% will be telecommuters
- 14% will be mobile data collectors
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Aug,
2000 Nielsen/NetRatings
- US home Internet access reaches critical
mass
- 52% of U.S. homes have Internet access
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July,
2000 Deloitte & Touche
- Survey of 500 CEOs from the
fastest-growing US IT firms.
- 55% say finding, hiring and keeping
qualified workers is biggest challenge
- Keeping employees happy is a key
component, and that often means letting them telework
- 42% of those surveyed said they offered
telecommuting to their employees
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Oct,
1999 Telecommute
America Research Study The
number of American teleworkers jumped to 10% of U.S. adults in the last
year. This growth chart should put the growth rate in perspective. Please
note that these numbers includes some self-employed home based workers.
- Oct '97- 11 million
- -Oct '98- 15.7
million
- Oct '99-19.6 million
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Survey
says nearly 20% of Central Texans telecommute |
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April
2000, Lee Hecht Harrison Telecommuting survey of 769 HR
professionals. Among the findings:
- 90% say it is a growing trend
- 80% would telecommute if given the
option
- 68% say telecommuters are no more
difficult to manage than on-site employees
- 29% say they are distracting and hard to
manage, but the benefits outweigh the drawbacks
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April,
1998 Kensington Technology Group
Telecommuting
- The majority of U.S.
telecommuters accomplish at least 30% more work in the same amount of
time.
- However, most are
required to provide their own computers etc, and receive no training or
ergonomic advice of any type
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American
Express:
teleworkers handled 26% more calls and produced 43% more business than
their office-based counterparts. |
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Sundel
Research Inc. 72% of 3000 Utah firms surveyed by are
considering telework program. Companies which participated say telework (aka
telecommuting), helps them attract and retain top talent and helps
employees avoid commuting hassles, such as during winter storms. |
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American
Management Association
survey
reveals that 93% of teleworkers receive no training at all. |
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North
Carolina State Auditor
Ralph
Campbell: "By our own conservative estimate, the State could save
over $23 million in improved productivity, reduced costs in office space,
and avoid personnel turnover costs versus the cost of implementing such a
program for only 5% of our workforce. |
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Ceridian
Employer Services, 10% (roughly 300) of fulltime employees
telecommute fulltime - a number that has doubled in the past two years.
Most are required to be in the office just one day a week for meetings. |
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Antelope
Valley Health Net Telecommuting Center:
productivity is 15% higher for telecommuters than for non-telecommuting
employees. |
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AT&T:
Some 24% of its 75,000 managers
worldwide work from home at least once a week - up from 8% in 1993. The
key benefits for them are productivity gains and real property savings.
Telecommuters put in at least an hour more a day than those in the office.
Since 1991, telework has saved AT&T approximately $550 million by
eliminating or consolidating office space people no longer need. |
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IBM's
Mobility Initiative
(mobile work and telework) saves some $100 million annually. staff surveys
show that personal productivity and effectiveness have improved
significantly. |
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InfoWorld
IS Newsweekly:
"An estimated 55 million employees will work outside a
conventional office setting by the Year 2000." |
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Georgia
State Governor Zell Miller
"So don't write telecommuting off with just a cursory glance.
It is not just a passing fad. It is here to stay, and it is already
more wide-spread than you might think." (1992) |
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Chiat-Day,
Venice: This
advertising agency cut its real estate holdings by 40% by introducing
telework |
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Compaq
Computer Corporation
documented productivity increases ranging from 15 to 45%. |
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Garry
Mathiason (Partner,
Littler, Mendelson, Fastiff, Tichy & Mathiason Law Firm):
"Telecommuting is the way we're going to work. If you don't include
telecommuting in your program, your company will not be competitive." |
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Gartner
Group: Bob Hafner
estimates telecommuters to reach 30 million (U.S.) by the year 2000.
He further estimates that by 2003, there will be some 137 million
telecommuters. |
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Jack Nilles
of Jala Associates, predicts in 1998
that there will be some 20 million U.S. telecommuters by the year 2000. |
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The
Institute for the Study of Distributed Work in
Oakland, California reckons that "companies save $2 for every $1
invested in remote equipment and extra phone lines". |
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CFO
Magazine, October 1997
"One in four Fortune 1000 companies now has a formal program for
employees who regularly telecommute either part time or full time,
according top a July KPMG Peat Marwick LLP study. And the number
is expected to double within the next three years.” |
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Merrill
Lynch: Morale at
Merrill Lynch went up 30% due to telecommuting |
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Pacific
Bell: Jennifer
Hill, alternative officing strategy manager estimates that telework will
save over $20 million dollars in office leasing over a five-year period. |
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The City of
Los Angeles: (1)
estimated productivity increases ranged from 12.5% to 20% for a saving of
over $6,000 per telecommuter. Sick leave was reduced by 5 days a year. 18%
said that telecommuting influenced their decision to remain with the
organization. (2) If the City [LA] were to have its 15,934 teleworkers
working from home an average of 1.4 days per week, then the annual
pollution reduction would be on the order of 6,150,000 pounds of carbon
monoxide; 380,000 pounds of nitrogen oxides; and 1,150,000 pounds of
unburned hydrocarbons..." (JALA International, March 1993). |
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The US
Federal Government
About 40% of some 800,000 jobs in US government are easily "telecommutable".
Following President Clinton's kick off of a drive to promote telework, the
number of teleworkers should rise to about 160,000 by the year 2,002. As
of 1999, there were some 25,000 Federal teleworkers, so they have a bit to
go. The government's program was originally driven by environmental
reasons, however this has now changed to quality of life, productivity and
increased availability of services to clients. |